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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 57: e00401, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535371

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health problem and is a relevant cause of death in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the 20-year survival and predictors of worse prognosis in patients with VL admitted to a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases between 1995 and 2016 in northern Minas Gerais, an area of high endemicity for VL. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a hospital in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. All patients with VL were evaluated over a 20-year period. The medical records were thoroughly analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate factors associated with the probability of survival. Results: The cohort included 972 individuals, mostly male children <10 years old, from urban areas who presented at admission with the classic triad of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin pallor. The mean hemoglobin level was 7.53 mg/dl. The mean interval between symptom onset and hospital admission was 40 days. The instituted therapies ranged from pentavalent antimonates to amphotericin, or both. The probability of survival was reduced to 78% one year after symptom onset. Hemoglobin levels and age were strongly associated with the probability of survival. Conclusions: Regardless of the mechanism underlying the reduction in hemoglobin and the non-modifiable factors of age, early initiation of drug treatment is the most appropriate strategy for increasing survival in patients with VL, which challenges health systems to reduce the interval between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission.

2.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 21(2): 559-566, Apr.-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340649

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess community health workers' knowledge on breastfeeding. Methods: this is a methodological study for the development of an instrument and analysis of validity and reliability. For the elaboration of items and identification of dimensions, a literature review was conducted. The items were submitted to the evaluation of a committee of judges, for apparent and content analysis. Construct validation was conducted through hypothesis test, with the participation of 282 community health workers and 19 pediatricians and obstetric nurses. For analysis and comparison of scores, the Mann-Whitney U test was used, assuming a significance level of 5%. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and temporal consistency of the instrument was assessed using test-retest and Kappa analysis. Results: the final instrument presented a favorable opinion from the committee of judges. The hypothesis test showed that the questionnaire has discriminatory power to assess professionals with a higher level of knowledge (p<0.001). The Kappa test revealed that 63% of the items showed substantive to almost perfect agreement. The 32-item questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.794. Conclusion: the instrument developed was valid and reliable, allowing effective measurement of community health workers' knowledge on breastfeeding.


Resumo Objetivos: elaborar e analisar propriedades psicométricas de um questionário para avaliação do conhecimento de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre amamentação. Métodos: trata-se de estudo metodológico de elaboração de instrumento e análise de validade e confiabilidade. Para a elaboração dos itens e identificação das dimensões, realizou-se revisão da literatura. Os itens foram submetidos à apreciação de comitê de juízes, para análise aparente e de conteúdo. A validação de construto foi conduzida pelo teste de hipóteses, com participação de 282 agentes comunitários de saúde e 19 pediatras e enfermeiras obstetras. Para comparação dos escores, utilizou-se o teste U de Mann-Whitney, assumindo-se um nível de significância de 5%. A confiabilidade foi aferida por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e a consistência temporal do instrumento por meio do teste-reteste e análise de Kappa. Resultados: o instrumento final apresentou parecer favorável do comitê de juízes. O teste de hipóteses evidenciou que o instrumento tem poder discriminatório para aferir profissionais com maior nível de conhecimento (p<0,001). O teste Kappa revelou que 63% dos itens apresentaram concordância de substantiva a quase perfeita. O questionário, com 32 itens, apresentou um alfa de Cronbach de 0,794. Conclusão: o instrumento apresentou-se válido e confiável que permitirá mensurar de forma eficaz o conhecimento de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre amamentação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Primary Health Care , Psychometrics/methods , Breast Feeding , Hypothesis-Testing , Community Health Workers/psychology , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Statistics, Nonparametric , Maternal-Child Health Services , Health Promotion
3.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 24: e2772, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960987

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the knowledge of health professionals about domestic violence on children. Method: this was a study conducted with 194 physicians, nurses and dentists. A literature review was performed for preparation of the items and identification of the dimensions. Apparent and content validation was performed using analysis of three experts and 27 professors of the pediatric health discipline. For construct validation, Cronbach's alpha was used, and the Kappa test was applied to verify reproducibility. The criterion validation was conducted using the Student's t-test. Results: the final instrument included 56 items; the Cronbach alpha was 0.734, the Kappa test showed a correlation greater than 0.6 for most items, and the Student t-test showed a statistically significant value to the level of 5% for the two selected variables: years of education and using the Family Health Strategy. Conclusion: the instrument is valid and can be used as a promising tool to develop or direct actions in public health and evaluate knowledge about domestic violence on children.


RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar um instrumento para avaliação do conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a violência doméstica contra a criança. Método: estudo realizado com 194 profissionais médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões dentistas. Para elaboração dos itens e identificação das dimensões, realizou-se a revisão da literatura. A validação aparente e de conteúdo foram realizadas por meio da análise de três especialistas e de 27 professores universitários da área de saúde da criança. Para a validação de construto, avaliou-se o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, e o teste Kappa foi usado para verificar a reprodutibilidade. A validação de critério foi conduzida com uso do teste t-student. Resultados: o instrumento final apresentou 56 itens, o alfa Cronbach foi de 0,734, o teste Kappa revelou concordância superior a 0,6 para a maioria dos itens, e o teste t-student apresentou valor estatisticamente significante até o nível de 5% para as duas variáveis selecionadas, tempo de formação e tempo na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Conclusão: o instrumento apresentou-se válido e, deste modo , pode ser usado como ferramenta promissora para desenvolver ou direcionar as ações em saúde pública e avaliação do conhecimento sobre a violência doméstica contra a criança.


RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar y validar un instrumento para evaluación del conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre la violencia doméstica ejercida contra el niño. Método: estudio realizado con 194 profesionales: médicos, enfermeros y cirujanos dentistas. Para elaboración de los ítems e identificación de las dimensiones, se realizó una revisión de la literatura. La validación aparente y de contenido fueron realizadas por medio del análisis de tres especialistas y de 27 profesores universitarios del área de la salud del niño. Para la validación de constructo, se evaluó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, y la prueba Kappa fue usada para verificar la reproductibilidad. La validación de criterio fue realizada con uso de la prueba t de Student. Resultados: el instrumento final presentó 56 ítems, el alfa Cronbach fue de 0,734, la prueba Kappa reveló concordancia superior a 0,6 para la mayoría de los ítems, y la prueba t de Student presentó valor estadísticamente significativo hasta el nivel de 5% para las dos variables seleccionadas: tiempo de graduación y tiempo en el programa Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Conclusión: el instrumento se presentó válido y, de ese modo, puede ser usado como herramienta promisora para desarrollar o dirigir acciones de salud pública y evaluar el conocimiento sobre la violencia doméstica contra el niño.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Abuse , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel , Domestic Violence , Self Report
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